Terrene 2.0: Biomaterial Composites Design & Shellular Structures Development for Augmented Earthen Construction

Liam Lasting, Mostafa Akbari, Destynn Keuchel, Na Kyung Lee, Shravan Pradeep, et al.

Materials & Design 2024   PDF   BibTeX

@article{LASTING2024112792,
title = {Terrene 2.0: Biomaterial composites design & shellular structures development for augmented earthen construction},
journal = {Materials & Design},
volume = {239},
pages = {112792},
year = {2024},
issn = {0264-1275},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2024.112792},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524001643},
author = {Liam Lasting and Mostafa Akbari and Destynn Keuchel and Na Kyung Lee and Shravan Pradeep and Shivani Chawla and Abigail Weinstein and Masoud Akbarzadeh and Laia Mogas-Soldevila},
keywords = {Sustainable Material Composites, Sand-based Materials, Multiscale Material Behavior, Reusable Formwork, Polyhedral Graphic Statics, Anticlastic Shellular Structures},
abstract = {To transition the construction industry towards sustainable practices, we challenge wasteful methods and non-renewable systems by harnessing local biological materials and augmenting them to describe contemporary forms. Our work enhances the primarily compressive material properties of sand-based compounds to develop a construction method for tension–compression anticlastic shellular structures. We have developed a novel bilayer system with multiscale induced behavior called ChitoSand, made primarily of a sand matrix, incorporating chitosan biopolymer as a microstructural binder, short flax fibers to boost tensile capacity at the mesoscale, and citric acid to increase plasticity, which is then underlaid by a sewn burlap fabric base layer to raise the bending capacity at the macroscale. This produces a fully biodegradable material system that we paired with anticlastic geometry calculations to enhance effective material use and structural form. We then developed an earthen construction workflow that uses reusable pneumatic formwork holding the ChitoSand bilayer composite during hardening in ambient conditions. This research yields a tension–compression system with modern geometry and a minimized environmental footprint.}
}

Post-tensioned 3D Printed, Funicular Concrete with Anticlastic Geometry

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Hua Chai, Yefan Zhi, Maximilian E. Ororbia, Teng Teng, et al.

Fabricate 2024   

Experimental and Numerical Study of a Funicular Concrete Beam Prototype

Maximilian Ororbia, Hua Chai, Yefan Zhi, Pouria Vakhshouri, Jorge Chacon, Joseph Yost, et al.

IASS 2024   

Design and Fabrication of a Low-Carbon Prefabricated Post-tensioned Funicular Floor Prototype

Hua Chai, Maximilian Ororbia, Yefan Zhi, Ryan Welch, Billie Faircloth, et al.

IASS 2024   

The Effect of Post-tensioning on the Behavior of Small-Scale 3D-Printed Concrete Beams

Damon Bolhassani, Fahimeh Yavartanoo, Javier Tapia, Masoud Akbarzadeh, et al.

IASS 2024   

Numerical Analysis with Experimental Verification of a Multi-Layer Sheet-Based Funicular Glass Bridge

Delaram Hassanlou, Fahimeh Yavartanoo, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Yao Lu, et al.

IASS 2024   

An Early Stage Parametric Design of Integrated Concrete Funicular Floor Element and Thermal Mass Performance for Carbon Footprint Reduction

Zherui Wang, Hua Chai, Masoud Akbarzadeh and Dorit Aviv

IASS 2024   

Structural Behavior of a Prototype 3m-Span Glass Pedristrian Bridge

Joseph Robert Yost, Jorge Huisa Chacon, Yao Lu, Masoud Akbarzadeh, et al.

Challenging Glass Conference 2024   

Algebraic 3D Graphic Statics with Edge and Vertex Constraints: A Comprehensive Approach to Extend the Solution Space for Polyhedral Form-Finding

Yao Lu, Márton Hablicsek, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Computer-Aided Design 2024   PDF   BibTeX

@article{Lu_Hablicsek_Akbarzadeh_2024,
title={Algebraic 3D Graphic Statics with Edge and Vertex Constraints: A Comprehensive Approach to Extend the Solution Space for Polyhedral Form-Finding},
volume={166},
ISSN={0010-4485},
DOI={10.1016/j.cad.2023.103620},
abstractNote={Built upon a previous algebraic framework for polyhedron-based 3D Graphic Statics (3DGS) that can numerically solve for a variety of dual diagrams given an input force or form diagram, this paper introduces an improved algebraic formulation that integrates edge lengths and vertex location constraints for better control over the results. Those constraints are realized by additional edge and vertex constraint equations to previously established closing equations. The entire system of equations can be solved using the Moore–Penrose inverse (MPI) method, and each solution represents a set of compatible edge lengths for the dual diagram to be constructed. The whole solution space of the equation system provides a wide range of dual diagrams, including forms with both tensile and compressive members, which can be easily explored and was not possible using iterative methods or previous algebraic formulations. This improved formulation has been computationally implemented and released as part of a plug-in software program within the environment of Rhino3D® and Grasshopper3D®, enriching the structural form-finding toolset for designers, engineers, researchers, and educators. The tool’s performance and accuracy are demonstrated through a series of comparative studies with iterative methods. Various case studies are also presented to showcase the application of this method.},
journal={Computer-Aided Design},
author={Lu, Yao and Hablicsek, Márton and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
year={2024},
month=jan,
pages={103620}
}

Application of Graphic Statics and Strut-and-Tie Models Optimization Algorithm in Innovative Timber Structure Design

Yuanben Gao, Yiliang Shao, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Buildings 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@Article{buildings13122946,
AUTHOR = {Gao, Yuanben and Shao, Yiliang and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
TITLE = {Application of Graphic Statics and Strut-and-Tie Models Optimization Algorithm in Innovative Timber Structure Design},
JOURNAL = {Buildings},
VOLUME = {13},
YEAR = {2023},
NUMBER = {12},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {2946},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/12/2946},
ISSN = {2075-5309},
ABSTRACT = {Timber has long been extensively employed within the construction industry as a famous, environmentally friendly, and low-carbon material. Considering that construction constitutes one of the most significant contributors to carbon emissions throughout the entire life-cycle of a building, there is an urgent desire to incorporate timber into this domain. Nevertheless, the use of timber faces inherent challenges stemming from its anisotropic nature, a result of the natural growth of timber fibers, which makes it challenging for it to function as a primary load-bearing material in coping with the various complex stresses inherent in architectural applications. Numerous designers have attempted to address this limitation through over-sized members and reinforcement at joints; however, none have satisfactorily resolved this issue in an economical manner. In this article, we introduce the Strut-and-Tie models (STM) from Graphic Statics (GS) and a topological optimization algorithm. This algorithm has the capability to generate a ‘load-minimizing path’ STM based on external load support conditions and the maximum structural path span. Regardless of the complexity of the initial external loads, each load transfer path in the optimized STM bears loads in only one direction, representing an optimal solution with minimal internal loads that align seamlessly with the characteristics of timber. Consequently, we endeavor to adopt this optimization algorithm to propose a structural design methodology, with the aspiration of designing structural systems that harness the unique attributes of timber perfectly and applying them to various architectural scenarios. Ultimately, we conclude that structural systems designed based on optimized STM are adaptable to diverse architectural contexts, and when applied to small-scale buildings, this method can save approximately 20% of material consumption compared to conventional timber frame structures, while in the case of mid-rise to high-rise buildings, it can lead to a material savings of approximately 5%.},
DOI = {10.3390/buildings13122946}
}

Dragonfly-Inspired Wing Design Enabled by Machine Learning and Maxwell’s Reciprocal Diagrams

Hao Zheng, Hossein Mofatteh, Marton Hablicsek, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Advanced Science 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202207635,
author = {Zheng, Hao and Mofatteh, Hossein and Hablicsek, Marton and Akbarzadeh, Abdolhamid and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
title = {Dragonfly-Inspired Wing Design Enabled by Machine Learning and Maxwell’s Reciprocal Diagrams},
journal = {Advanced Science},
volume = {10},
number = {18},
pages = {2207635},
keywords = {3D printing, bio-inspired structures, form and force diagrams, graphic statics, machine learning, structural form-finding},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202207635},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/advs.202207635},
eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/advs.202207635},
year = {2023}
}

3D Auxetic Materials Designed with Algebraic Polyhedral Graphic Statics

Yao Lu, Márton Hablicsek, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{lu2023auxetic,
title={3D auxetic materials designed with algebraic polyhedral graphic statics},
author={Lu, Yao and Hablicsek, Márton and Akbarzadeh, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium and Spatial Structures Conference 2023, Integration of Design and Fabrication},
year={2023},
month={July 10-14},
address={Melbourne, Australia}
}

Towards a Novel Form-Finding Approach Using Matrix Analysis: Exploiting Nodal Displacements of Pin-Jointed Frameworks

Yao Lu, Hua Chai, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{lu2023matrixformfinding,
title={Towards a novel form-finding approach using matrix analysis: exploiting nodal displacements of pin-jointed frameworks},
author={Lu, Yao and Chai, Hua and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium and Spatial Structures Conference 2023, Integration of Design and Fabrication},
year={2023},
month={July 10-14},
address={Melbourne, Australia}
}

Bio-Based Composite Spatial Shell Structures

Mostafa Akbari, Farzaneh Oghazian, Ji Yoon Bae, Felecia Davis, Laia Mogas-Soldevila, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbari_bio-based_2023,
address = {Melbourne, Australia},
title = {Bio-based {Composite} {Spatial} {Shell} {Structures}},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {IASS} {Annual} {Symposium} 2023},
author = {Akbari, Mostafa and Oghazian, Farzaneh and Bae, Ji Yoon and Davis, Felecia and Mogas-Soldevila, Laia and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
month = jul,
year = {2023},
}

Continuous Multi-Filament 3D Printing for Tension-Compression Structure Components

Teng Teng, Yefan Zhi, Kun-Hao Yu, Shu Yang, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{Teng-2023-Multi-material_Truss,
title = {Continuous multi-filament 3D printing for tension-compression structure components},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IASS 2023 symposium Integration of Design and Fabrication},
author = {Teng, Teng and Zhi, Yefan and Yu, Kun-Hao and Yang, Shu and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
year = {2023},
month = {July 10-14},
address = {Melbourne, Australia}
}

Local Optimization of Self-Supporting Shell Structures in 3D Printing: a Skeleton Method

Yefan Zhi, Hua Chai, Teng Teng, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{Zhi-2023-Overhang,
title = {Local optimization of self-supporting shell structures in 3D printing: a skeleton method},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IASS 2023 symposium Integration of Design and Fabrication},
author = {Zhi, Yefan and Chai, Hua and Teng, Teng and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
year = {2023},
month = {July 10-14},
address = {Melbourne, Australia}
}

Generation of a Compression-Tension Combined Funicular Polyhedral Beam Structure

Hua Chai, Yao Lu, Márton Hablicsek, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{chai2023iass,
title = {Generation of a compression-tension combined funicular polyhedral beam structure},
author = {Chai, H. and Lu, Y. and Hablicsek, M. and Akbarzadeh, M.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IASS 2023 symposium Integration of Design and Fabrication},
year = {2023},
month = {July 10-14},
address = {Melbourne, Australia}
}

Electrochemical Healing of Fractured Metals

Zakaria Hsain, Mostafa Akbari, Adhokshid Prasanna, Zhimin Jiang, Masoud Akbarzadeh, James H. Pikul

Advanced Materials 2023   PDF   BibTeX

@article{hsain2023electrochemical,
title={Electrochemical Healing of Fractured Metals},
author={Hsain, Zakaria and Akbari, Mostafa and Prasanna, Adhokshid and Jiang, Zhimin and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Pikul, James H},
journal={Advanced Materials},
pages={2211242},
year={2023},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

Tortuca: An Ultra-Thin Funicular Hollow Glass Bridge

Yao Lu, Alireza Seyedahmadian, Philipp Amir Chhadeh, Matthew Cregan, Mohammad Bolhassani, Jens Schneider, Joseph Robert Yost, Gareth Brennan, Masoud Akbarzadeh

ACADIA 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{Lu2022Tortuca,
author={Lu, Yao
and Seyedahmadian, Alireza
and Chhadeh, Philipp Amir
and Cregan, Matthew
and Bolhassani, Mohammad
and Schneider, Jens
and Yost, Joseph Robert
and Brennan, Gareth
and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
title={Tortuca: An Ultra-Thin Funicular Hollow Glass Bridge},
booktitle={The Projects Catalog of the 42nd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
year={2022},
pages={166-171},
month = {October 27-29},
address={Philadelphia, PA}
}

A Web-Based Interactive Structural Pattern Generation Tool with Graphic Statics and Machine Learning of Dragonfly Wings

Hao Zheng, Masoud Akbarzadeh

ACADIA 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{Hao2022Acadia,
title={A Web-based Interactive Structural Pattern Generation Tool with Graphic Statics and Machine Learning of Dragonfly Wings},
author={Zheng, Hao and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
year={2022},
month = {October 27-29},
address={Philadelphia, PA}
}

A Method for Designing Multi-Layer Sheet-Based Lightweight Funicular Structures

Yao Lu, Thamer Alsalem, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Journal of IASS 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@article{lu_method_2022,
title = {A {Method} for {Designing} {Multi}-{Layer} {Sheet}-{Based} {Lightweight} {Funicular} {Structures}},
volume = {63},
doi = {10.20898/j.iass.2022.018},
abstract = {Multi-layer spatial structures usually take considerable external loads with a small material usage at all scales. Polyhedral graphic statics (PGS) provides a method to design multi-layer funicular polyhedral structures, and the structural forms are usually materialized as space frames.
Our previous research shows that the intrinsic planarity of the polyhedral geometries can be harnessed for efficient fabrication and construction processes using flat-sheet materials. Sheet-based structures are advantageous over conventional space frame systems because sheets can provide more
load paths and constrain the kinematic degrees of freedom of the nodes. Therefore, they are more capable of taking a wider variety of load cases compared to space frames. Moreover, sheet materials can be fabricated into complex shapes using CNC milling, laser cutting, water jet cutting, and
CNC bending techniques. However, not all sheets are necessary as long as the load paths are preserved and the system does not have kinematic degrees of freedom. To find an efficient set of faces that satisfies the requirements, this paper first incorporates and adapts the matrix analysis method
to calculate the kinematic degrees of freedom for sheet-based structures. Then, an iterative algorithm is devised to help find a reduced set of faces with zero kinematic degrees of freedom. To attest to the advantages of this method over bar-node construction, a comparative study is carried
out using finite element analysis. The results show that, with the same material usage, the sheet-based system has improved performance than the framework system under a range of loading scenarios.},
number = {4},
journal = {Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures},
author = {Lu, Yao and Alsalem, Thamer and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
month = dec,
year = {2022},
keywords = {FORM-FINDING, FUNICULAR STRUCTURE, MATRIX ANALYSIS, POLYHEDRAL GRAPHIC STATICS, SHEET-BASED STRUCTURE, STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION},
pages = {252–262},
}

Terrene 1.0: Innovative, Earth-Based Material for the Construction of Compression-Dominant Shell Structures

Liam N. Lasting, Isabelle Lee, Laia Mogas-Soldevila, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{lasting2022,
title={Terrene 1.0: Innovative, Earth-Based Material for the Construction of Compression-Dominant Shell Structures},
author={
Lasting, Liam N.
and Isabelle Lee, Isabelle
and Laia Mogas-Soldevila, Laia
and Akbarzadeh, Masoud
},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium and Spatial Structures Conference 2022, Innovation Sustainability Legacy},
year={2022},
month={August},
address={Beijing, China}
}

A Polyhedral Approach for the Design of a Compression-Dominant, Double-Layered, Reciprocal Frame, Multi-Species Timber Shell

Zherui Wang, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{wang2022timber,
title={A Polyhedral Approach For The Design Of A Compression-Dominant, Double-Layered, Reciprocal Frame, Multi-Species Timber Shell},
author={Wang, Zherui and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium and Spatial Structures Conference 2022, Innovation Sustainability Legacy},
year={2022},
month={August},
address={Beijing, China}
}

A Method for Designing Multi-Layer Sheet-Based Lightweight Funicular Structures

Yao Lu, Thamer Alsalem, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{lu2022sheet,
title={A method for designing multi-layer sheet-based lightweight funicular structure},
author={Lu, Yao and Alsalem, Thamer and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium and Spatial Structures Conference 2022, Innovation Sustainability Legacy},
year={2022},
month={August},
address={Beijing, China}
}

Structural Form-Finding of Multi-Span Undulating Funicular Beam Structure

Hua Chai, Mohammad Bolhassani, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{chai2022iass,
title = {Structural Form-Finding of Multi-Span Undulating Funicular Beam Structure},
author = {Chai, H. and Bolhassani, M. and Akbarzadeh, M.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IASS 2022 symposium affiliated with APCS 2022 conference},
year = {2022},
month = {September 19-22},
address = {Beijing, China}
}

Continuous Approximation of Shellular Funicular Structures

Mostafa Akbari, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbari2022continuous,
title = {Continuous Approximation of Shellular Funicular Structures},
author = {Akbari, M. and Akbarzadeh, M.},
booktitle = {Proceedings of IASS 2022 symposium affiliated with APCS 2022 conference},
year = {2022},
month = {September 19-22},
address = {Beijing, China}
}

Funicular Glass Bridge Prototype: Design Optimization, Fabrication, and Assembly Challenges

Yao Lu, Alireza Seyedahmadian, Philipp Amir Chhadeh, Matthew Cregan, et al.

Glass Structures & Engineering 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@Article{Lu2022,
author={Lu, Yao
and Seyedahmadian, Alireza
and Chhadeh, Philipp Amir
and Cregan, Matthew
and Bolhassani, Mohammad
and Schneider, Jens
and Yost, Joseph Robert
and Brennan, Gareth
and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
title={Funicular glass bridge prototype: design optimization, fabrication, and assembly challenges},
journal={Glass Structures {&} Engineering},
year={2022},
month={Jun},
day={09},
abstract={Polyhedral Graphic Statics (PGS) is an effective tool for form-finding and constructing complex yet efficient spatial funicular structures. The intrinsic planarity of polyhedral geometries can be leveraged for efficient fabrication and construction using flat sheet materials, such as glass. Our previous research used PGS for the form-finding of a 3{^A} m-span, modular glass bridge prototype to be built with thirteen unique hollow glass units (HGUs) in a compression-only configuration. This paper reports its design optimization, fabrication, and subsequent modular assembly process. The computational modeling of the geometries is facilitated with the efficient half-face data structure provided by PolyFrame, a software that implements PGS. Regular float glass and acrylic are selected as the main structural materials, and they are fabricated using 5-axis water jet cutting and CNC milling techniques. With the help of 3{^A} M{^a}„{textcent} Very High Bond tape, the glass parts and acrylic parts are bonded as HGUs, which serve as the basic structural and assembly modules. Surlyn sheets are used as interface material to prevent glass-to-glass direct contact between HGUs. The digital model is also simulated using ANSYS to ensure the effectiveness of the design. Due to the lightweight of the HGUs, the assembly of the bridge can be done by one person without the requirement of any heavy construction machinery.},
issn={2363-5150},
doi={10.1007/s40940-022-00177-x},
url={https://doi.org/10.1007/s40940-022-00177-x}
}

Experimental Investigation of a Transparent Interface Material for Glass Compression Members

Joseph Robert Yost, Matthew Cregan, Mohammad Bolhassani, et al.

Challenging Glass Conference 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{yost2022challengingglass,
title={{color{NavyBlue}{Experimental Investigation of a Transparent Interface Material for Glass Compression Members}}},
author={Yost, Joseph Robert and Cregan, Matthew and Bolhassani, Mohammad and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Lu, Yao and Chhadeh, Philipp Amir and Schneider, Jens},
booktitle={Conference on Architectural and Structural Applications of Glass, Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings 8},
year={2022},
month={June 23-24},
address={Ghent University, Belgium}
}

Strut-Based Cellular to Shellular Funicular Polyhedral Materials

Mostafa Akbari, Armin Mirabolghasemi, Mohammad Bolhassani, Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Advanced Functional Materials 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@article{akbari2022strut,
title = {Strut-based Cellular to Shellular Funicular Polyhedral Materials},
author={Akbari, Mostafa and Mirabolghasemi, Armin and Bolhassani, Mohammad and Akbarzadeh, Abdolhamid and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
journal={Advanced Functional Materials},
pages={2109725},
year={2022},
publisher={Wiley Online Library}
}

Mechanical Performance of Polyhedral Hollow Glass Units Under Compression

Joseph Robert Yost, Mohammad Bolhassani, Philipp Amir Chhadeh, Liam Ryan, et al.

Engineering Structures 2022   PDF   BibTeX

@article{yost2022mechanical,
title={Mechanical performance of polyhedral hollow glass units under compression},
author={Yost, Joseph Robert and Bolhassani, Mohammad and Chhadeh, Philipp Amir and Ryan, Liam and Schneider, Jens and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
journal={Engineering Structures},
volume={254},
pages={113730},
year={2022},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

Behavior of Polyhedral Built-Up Glass Compression Members

Joseph Robert Yost, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Bolhassani, Liam Ryan, Jens Schneider, Philipp Amir Chhadeh

Journal of Architectural Design and Construction Technology 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@article{yost2021behavior,
title={Behavior of Polyhedral Built-Up Glass Compression Members},
author={Yost, JR and Akbarzadeh, M and Bolhassani, M and Ryan, L and Schneider, J and Chhadeh, PA},
journal={J Arch Des Cons Tech},
volume={2},
number={3},
pages={1–7},
year={2021}
}

From Design to the Fabrication of Shellular Funicular Structures

Mostafa Akbari, Yao Lu, Masoud Akbarzadeh

ACADIA 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{AKBARIACADIA2021,
title={From design to the fabrication of shellular funicular structures},
author={Akbari, M. and Lu, Y. and Akbarzadeh, M.},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
year={2021},
place={Virtual Conference},
}

Kerf Bending and Zipper in Spatial Timber Tectonics

Yulun Liu, Yao Lu, Masoud Akbarzadeh

ACADIA 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{LIUACADIA2021,
title={Kerf Bending and Zipper in Spatial Timber Tectonics: A Polyhedral Timber Space Frame System Manufacturable by 3-Axis CNC Milling Machine},
author={Liu, Y. and Lu, Y. and Akbarzadeh, M.},
booktitle={Proceedings of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
year={2021},
place={Virtual Conference},
}

Structural Form-Finding of Auxetic Materials Using Graphic Statics

Márton Hablicsek, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{hablicsek2021auxetic,
title={Structural form-finding of Auxetic Materials using Graphic Statics},
author={Hablicsek M. and Akbarzadeh, M.},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium and Spatial Structures Conference 2020/21, Inspiring the next generation},
year={2021},
month={August 23-27},
address={Guildford, UK}
}

All Glass, Compression-Dominant Polyhedral Bridge Prototype: Form-Finding and Fabrication

Yao Lu, Matthew Cregan, Philipp Amir Chhadeh, Alireza Seyedahmadiand, et al.

IASS 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{lu2021allglass,
title={All glass, compression-dominant polyhedral bridge prototype: form-finding and fabrication},
author={Lu, Y. and Cregan, M. and Chhadeh, P.A. and Seyedahmadian, A. and Bolhassani, M. and Schneider, J. and Yost, J.R. and Akbarzadeh, M.},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium and Spatial Structures Conference 2020/21, Inspiring the next generation},
year={2021},
month={August 23-27},
address={Guildford, UK}
}

Lightweight Structures and the Geometric Equilibrium in Dragonfly Wings

Hao Zheng, Márton Hablicsek, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{zheng2020lightweight,
title={Lightweight Structures and the Geometric Equilibrium in Dragonfly Wings},
author={Hao Zheng and Márton Hablicsek and Masoud Akbarzadeh},
booktitle={Proceedings of International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures Annual Symposia (IASS)},
pages={},
year={2021},
place={Guildford, UK},
}

Web-based Interactive Polyhedral Graphics Statics Platform

Hua Chai, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@InProceedings{Chai2021,
author = {Chai, Hua and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2020/21},
title = {{Web-based Interactive Polyhedral Graphics Statics Platform}},
year = {2021},
address = {Surrey,UK},
}

Augmented Intuition – Encoding Ideas, Matter, and Why It Matters

Mathias Bernhard, Maria Smigielska, Benjamin Dillenburger

Book Chapter 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@incollection{Bernhard2021b,
author = {Bernhard, Mathias and Smigielska, Maria and Dillenburger, Benjamin},
booktitle = {The Routledge Companion to Artificial Intelligence in Architecture},
chapter = {22},
editor = {As, Imdat and Basu, Prithwish},
publisher = {Taylor {&} Francis},
title = {{Augmented Intuition – Encoding Ideas, Matter and why in matters}},
year = {2021}
}

Performative Porosity – Adaptive Infills for Concrete Parts

Mathias Bernhard, Mohammad Bolhassani, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{Bernhard2021,
address = {Surrey, UK},
author = {Bernhard, Mathias and Bolhassani, Mohammad and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2020/21},
title = {{Performative Porosity – adaptive infills for concrete parts}},
year = {2021}
}

Developing a Polyhedral Graphic Statics Formulation for Tetrahedral Truss Systems

Salma Mozaffari, Márton Hablicsek, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Thomas Vogel

IASS 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{Mozaffari2021,
address = {Surrey, UK},
author = {Mozaffari, Salma and Hablicsek, M{’a}rton and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Vogel, Thomas},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2020/21},
title = {Developing a polyhedral graphic statics formulation for tetrahedral truss systems},
year = {2021}
}

PolyFrame, Efficient Computation for 3D Graphic Statics

Andrei Nejur, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Computer-Aided Design 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@article{NEJUR2021103003,
title = {PolyFrame, Efficient Computation for 3D Graphic Statics},
journal = {Computer-Aided Design},
volume = {134},
pages = {103003},
year = {2021},
issn = {0010-4485},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2021.103003},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448521000142},
author = {Andrei Nejur and Masoud Akbarzadeh},
keywords = {Three-dimensional graphic statics, Polyhedral reciprocal diagrams, Polyhedral graphic statics, Parallel manipulation of polyhedral diagrams},
abstract = {In this paper, we introduce a structural form finding plugin called PolyFrame for the Rhinoceros software. This plugin is developed based on the methods of 3D Graphic Statics and Polyhedral Reciprocal Diagrams. The computational framework of this plugin uses new robust and efficient algorithms for the creation and modification of complex funicular, compression-only structural forms and is freely available for students, designers, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of architecture, structural engineering, mechanical engineering, and material science. The geometry-based structural design methods are one of the most intuitive yet powerful structural design methods that have recently been extended to 3D based on the Principles of the Equilibrium of Polyhedral Frames. Still, the increased geometrical complexities of the polyhedral diagrams hinder more in-depth practical applications and research in this field. The framework proposed in this paper can manage, in near real-time, the creation and transformation of reciprocal polyhedral diagrams with a large number of elements as form and force diagrams for structural design purposes. The paper also introduces a hybrid object-oriented data structure that extends and generalizes the previously proposed approaches and thus allows the users to incorporate a variety of different geometric constraints, including edge lengths and the location of the supports from the initial stages of design. Additionally, a new parallel manipulation algorithm is introduced that is capable of transforming polyhedral diagrams while preserving the edge directions and face normal. As a result, a designer can effectively manipulate both structural form and its force distribution without breaking their reciprocity.}
}

Algebraic 3D Graphic Statics: Constrained Areas

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Márton Hablicsek

Computer-Aided Design 2021   PDF   BibTeX

@article{AKBARZADEH2021103068,
title = {Algebraic 3D Graphic Statics: Constrained Areas},
journal = {Computer-Aided Design},
volume = {141},
pages = {103068},
year = {2021},
issn = {0010-4485},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2021.103068},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448521000798},
author = {Masoud Akbarzadeh and Márton Hablicsek},
keywords = {Algebraic three-dimensional graphic statics, Polyhedral reciprocal diagrams, Geometric degrees of freedom, Static degrees of indeterminacies, Tension and compression combined polyhedra, Constraint manipulation of polyhedral diagrams},
abstract = {This research is a continuation of the Algebraic 3D Graphic Statics Methods that addressed the reciprocal constructions in an earlier publication (Hablicsek et al. 2019). It provides algorithms and (numerical) methods to geometrically control the magnitude of the internal and external forces in the reciprocal diagrams of 3D/Polyhedral Graphic statics. 3D graphic statics (3DGS) is a recently rediscovered method of structural form-finding based on a 150-year old proposition by Rankine and Maxwell in Philosophical Magazine. In 3DGS, the form of the structure and its equilibrium of forces are represented by two polyhedral diagrams that are geometrically and topologically related. The areas of the faces of the force diagram represent the magnitude of the internal and external forces in the members of the form diagram. The proposed method allows the user to control and constrain the areas and edge lengths of the faces of general polyhedrons that can be convex, self-intersecting, or concave in a group of aggregated polyhedral cells. In this method, a quadratic formulation is introduced to compute the area of a face based on its edge lengths only. This quadratic function is then turned into a linear formulation to facilitate the non-trivial computation of reciprocal polyhedral diagrams. The approach is applied to force diagrams, including a group of polyhedral cells, to manipulating the face geometry with a predefined area and the edge lengths. The method is implemented as a multi-step algorithm where each step includes computing the geometry of a single face with a target area and updating the polyhedral geometry. One of the remarkable results of this framework is to control the construction of the zero-area faces as proposed by McRobie (2017b). The zero-area faces represent a member with zero force in the form diagram. This research shows how self-intersecting faces, including the zero-area faces, can be constructed with additional edge constraints in a group of polyhedral cells without breaking the reciprocity of the form and force diagrams. Thus, it provides more hints on the generalization of the principle of the equilibrium of polyhedral frames. It also suggests a design approach where the boundary conditions and internal forces of compression-only systems can be manipulated to the design systems with both compression and tensile forces with no change in the geometry or the faces’ planarity of the form diagram.}
}

Generating and Optimizing a Funicular Arch Floor Structure

Hao Zheng, Xinyu Wang, Zehua Qi, Shixuan Sun, Masoud Akbarzadeh

ACADIA 2020   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{zheng2020generating,
title={Generating and Optimizing a Funicular Arch Floor Structure},
author={Hao Zheng and Xinyu Wang and Zehua Qi and Shixuan Sun and Masoud Akbarzadeh},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
pages={},
year={2020},
place={Philadelphia, USA},
}

Saltatur: Node-Based Assembly of Funicular Spatial Concrete

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Ali Tabatabaie Ghomi, Mohammad Bolhassani, Mostafa Akbari, Alireza Seyedahmadian, Konstantinos Papalexiou, Jingchu Sun, Hanqin Yao, et al.

ACADIA 2020   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{AkbarzadehACADIA2020,
title={Saltatur: Node-Based Assembly of Funicular Spatial Concrete},
author={Akbarzadeh, M. and Tabatabaie Ghomi, A. and Bolhassani, M. and Akbari, M. and Seyedahmadian, A. and Sun, J. and Yao, H. and and Miziumski, J. and Papalexiou, K. },
booktitle={Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
year={2021},
place={Virtual Conference},
}

TopoGAN – Topology Optimization with Generative Adversarial Networks

Mathias Bernhard, Reza Kakooee, Patrick Bedarf, Benjamin Dillenburger

Advances in Architectural Geometry 2020   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{Bernhard2021a,
address = {Paris, France},
author = {Bernhard, Mathias and Kakooee, Reza and Bedarf, Patrick and Dillenburger, Benjamin},
booktitle = {AAG – Advances in Architectural Geometry},
file = {:Users/bernham/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bernhard et al. – 2021 – TopoGAN Topology Optimization with Generative Adversarial Networks(2).pdf:pdf;:Users/bernham/Documents/Mendeley Desktop/Bernhard et al. – 2021 – TopoGAN – Topology Optimization with Generative Adversarial Networks.pdf:pdf},
number = {unpublished},
title = {{TopoGAN – Topology Optimization with Generative Adversarial Networks}},
year = {2021}
}

Geometry-Based Structural Form-Finding to Design Architected Cellular Solids

Mostafa Akbari, Armin Mirabolghasemi, Hamid Akbarzadeh, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Symposium on Computational Fabrication 2020   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbari2020geometry,
title={Geometry-based structural form-finding to design architected cellular solids},
author={Akbari, Mostafa and Mirabolghasemi, Armin and Akbarzadeh, Hamid and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Symposium on Computational Fabrication},
pages={1–11},
year={2020}
}

Iterative Machine Learning for Structural Form Finding with Fabrication constraints

Hao Zheng, Vahid Moosavi, Masoud Akbarzadeh

Automation in Construction 2020   PDF   BibTeX

@article{zheng2020machine,
title={Machine learning assisted evaluations in structural design and construction},
author={Zheng, Hao and Moosavi, Vahid and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
journal={Automation in Construction},
volume={119},
pages={103346},
year={2020},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

Graphic Statics in a Continuum: Strut-and-Tie Models for Reinforced Concrete

Salma Mozaffari, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Thomas Vogel

Computers & Structures 2020   PDF   BibTeX

@article{mozaffari2020graphic,
title={Graphic statics in a continuum: Strut-and-tie models for reinforced concrete},
author={Mozaffari, Salma and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Vogel, Thomas},
journal={Computers & Structures},
volume={240},
pages={106335},
year={2020},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

Geometric Degrees of Freedom and Non-Conventional Spatial Structural Forms

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Márton Hablicsek

Design Modelling Symposium 2019   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbarzadeh2019geometric,
title={Geometric degrees of freedom and non-conventional spatial structural forms},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Hablicsek, M{‘a}rton},
booktitle={Design Modelling Symposium Berlin},
pages={3–17},
year={2019},
organization={Springer}
}

From Polyhedral to Anticlastic Funicular Spatial Structures

Mostafa Akbari, Mohammad Bolhassani, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2019   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbari2019polyhedral,
title={From Polyhedral to Anticlastic Funicular Spatial Structures},
author={Akbari, Mostafa and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Bolhassani, Mohammad},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Symposium},
year={2019}
}

Behavior of Modular Components in a Funicular Glass Bridge

Mohammad Bolhassani, Cory Byrnes, Joseph Robert Yost, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Jens Schneider, Andrei Nejur

IASS 2019   PDF (abstract only)   BibTeX

@article{bolhassanibehavior,
title={Behavior of Modular Components in a Funicular Glass Bridge},
author={BOLHASSANI, Mohammad and BYRNES, Cory and YOST, Joseph Robert and AKBARZADEH, Masoud and SCHNEIDER, Jens and NEJUR, Andrei}
}

Algebraic Formulation for Controlling the Face Areas of 3D Graphic Statics

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Márton Hablicsek

IASS 2019   PDF (abstract only)   BibTeX

@article{akbarzadehalgebraic,
title={Algebraic Formulation for Controlling the Face Areas of 3D Graphic Statics},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Hablicsek, Márton and McRobie, Allan and Zheng, H and Moosavi, V and Akbarzadeh, M and Mirtsopoulos, I and Fivet, C and Deschuyteneer, A and Zastavni, D and others}
}

Generation of Strut-and-Tie Models and Stress Fields for Structural Concrete

Salma Mozaffari, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Thomas Vogel

Structures Congress 2019   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{mozaffari2019generation,
title={Generation of strut-and-tie models and stress fields for structural concrete},
author={Mozaffari, Salma and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Vogel, Thomas},
booktitle={Structures Congress 2019: Blast, Impact Loading, and Research and Education},
pages={353–361},
year={2019},
organization={American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA}
}

The Design of an Ultra-Transparent Funicular Glass Structure

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Mohammad Bolhassani, Andrei Nejur, Joseph Robert Yost, Cory Byrnes, Jens Schneider, Ulrich Knaack, Chris Borg Costanzi

Structures Congress 2019   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbarzadeh2019design,
title={The design of an ultra-transparent funicular glass structure},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Bolhassani, Mohammad and Nejur, Andrei and Yost, Joseph Robert and Byrnes, Cory and Schneider, Jens and Knaack, Ulrich and Costanzi, Chris Borg},
booktitle={Structures Congress 2019: Blast, Impact Loading, and Research and Education},
pages={405–413},
year={2019},
organization={American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA}
}

Algebraic 3D Graphic Statics: Reciprocal Constructions

Márton Hablicsk, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Yi Guo

Computer-Aided Design 2019   PDF   BibTeX

@article{hablicsek2019algebraic,
title={Algebraic 3D graphic statics: Reciprocal constructions},
author={Hablicsek, M{‘a}rton and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Guo, Yi},
journal={Computer-Aided Design},
volume={108},
pages={30–41},
year={2019},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

Developing Algebraic Constraints for Reciprocal Polyhedral Diagrams of 3D Graphic Statics

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Márton Hablicsek, Yi Guo

IASS 2018   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbarzadeh2018developing,
title={Developing algebraic constraints for reciprocal polyhedral diagrams of 3D graphic statics},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Hablicsek, M{‘a}rton and Guo, Yi},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2018},
number={16},
pages={1–8},
year={2018},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}

Graphic Statics: Constrained Form Finding for Parallel System of Forces Using Corsican Sum

Georgios-Spyridon Athanasopoulos, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Allan McRobie

IASS 2018   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{athanasopoulos2018graphic,
title={Graphic Statics: Constrained form finding for parallel system of forces using Corsican sum},
author={Athanasopoulos, Georgios-Spyridon and Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Mcrobie, Allan},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2018},
number={16},
pages={1–8},
year={2018},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}

Constrained Manipulation of Polyhedral Systems

Andrei Nejur, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2018   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{nejur2018constrained,
title={Constrained manipulation of polyhedral systems},
author={Nejur, Andrei and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2018},
number={16},
pages={1–8},
year={2018},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}

Structural Behavior of a Cast-in-Place Funicular Polyhedral Concrete: Applied 3D Graphic Statics

Mohammad Bolhassani, Ali Tabatabaie Ghomi, Andrei Nejur, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2018   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{bolhassani2018structural,
title={Structural behavior of a cast-in-place funicular polyhedral concrete: Applied 3D graphic statics},
author={Bolhassani, Mohammad and Ghomi, Ali Tabatabaie and Nejur, Andrei and Furkan, Mustafa Omer and Bartoli, Ivan and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2018},
number={16},
pages={1–8},
year={2018},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}

Effect of Subdivision of Force Diagrams on the Local Buckling, Load-Path and Material Use of Founded Forms

Ali Tabatabaie Ghomi, Mohammad Bolhassani, Andrei Nejur, Masoud Akbarzadeh

IASS 2018   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{ghomi2018effect,
title={Effect of Subdivision of Force Diagrams on the Local Buckling, Load-Path and Material Use of Founded Forms},
author={Ghomi, Ali Tabatabaie and Bolhassani, Mohammad and Nejur, Andrei and Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2018},
number={16},
pages={1–8},
year={2018},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}

On Structural Behavior of the First Funicular Polyhedral Frame Designed by 3D Graphic Statics

Mohammad Bolhassani, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Mehrad Mahnia, Ramtin Taherian

Structures 2018   PDF   BibTeX

@article{BOLHASSANI201856,
title = {On Structural Behavior of a Funicular Concrete Polyhedral Frame Designed by 3D Graphic Statics},
journal = {Structures},
volume = {14},
pages = {56-68},
year = {2018},
issn = {2352-0124},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2018.02.002},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352012418300079},
author = {Mohammad Bolhassani and Masoud Akbarzadeh and Mehrad Mahnia and Ramtin Taherian},
keywords = {Funicular polyhedral frame, Spatial prefab concrete, Finite element analysis, 3D graphic statics, Polyhedral reciprocal diagrams, Combined compression and tension members, Concrete damage plasticity},
abstract = {This paper investigates the mechanical behavior of the first built funicular structure designed by 3D graphic statics (3DGS) using reciprocal polyhedral diagrams. Graphic statics methods are unique among other structural design techniques in providing an intuitive control over the form of the structure and its equilibrium of forces for designers. Since graphic statics does not include material properties in the form finding process, further numerical investigations to foresee the behavior of the system under loading scenarios other than the 3DGS design loads are unavoidable. This research reports the structural behavior of Hedracrete which is a prefab, concrete, polyhedral frame with both compression and tension members. A simplified (bar-node) and a detailed volumetric mesh model of the structure are numerically analyzed under eight different loading scenarios. Different combinations of linear and nonlinear material behavior for steel and concrete in addition to linear and quadratic element types are used in those analyses. The analyses are planned to initially verify the equilibrium results of the 3DGS model and to predict the maximum load-bearing capacity of the structure by studying the failure mechanism of the system.}
}

Hedracrete: Prefab, Funicular, Spatial Concrete

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Mehrad Mahnia, Ramtin Taherian, Amir Hossein Tabrizi

ACADIA 2017   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbarzadeh2017acadia,
title={Hedracrete; Prefab, Funicular, Spatial Concrete},
author={Masoud, Akbarzadeh and Mehrad, Mahnia and Ramtin, Taherian and Amir Hossein, Tabrizi},
booktitle={DISCIPLINES & DISRUPTION: Projects Catalog of the 37th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
editor = {Joel Lamere and Cristina Parreno Alonso},
year={2017},
address={Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Architecture + Planning, Department of Architecture, Cambridge, MA, US},
organization={Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)},
}

Addressing Buckling of Compression Members Using Subdivision of Force Diagrams

Timo Harboe Nielsen, Masoud Akbarzadeh, Per Goltermann

IASS 2017   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{timo2017addressing,
title={Addressing buckling of compression members using subdivision of force diagrams},
author={Timo, Harboe Nielsen and Masoud, Akbarzadeh and Per, Goltermann},
booktitle={Proceedings of the IASS Annual Symposium 2017, Interfaces: architecture . engineering . science},
year={2017},
organization={IASS}
}

Prefab, Concrete Polyhedral Frame: Materializing 3D Graphic Statics

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Mehrad Mahnia, Ramtin Taherian, Amir Hossein Tabrizi

IASS 2017   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbarzadeh2017prefab,
title={Prefab, Concrete polyhedral frame: materializing 3D graphic statics},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Mahnia, Mehrad and Taherian, Ramtin and Tabrizi, Amir Hossein},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2017},
number={6},
pages={1–10},
year={2017},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}

Three-Dimensional Graphic Statics: Initial Explorations with Polyhedral Form and Force Diagrams

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block

International Journal of Space Structures 2016   PDF   BibTeX

@article{akbarzadeh2016three,
title={Three-dimensional graphic statics: Initial explorations with polyhedral form and force diagrams},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Van Mele, Tom and Block, Philippe},
journal={International Journal of Space Structures},
volume={31},
number={2-4},
pages={217–226},
year={2016},
publisher={SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

3D Graphical Statics Using Reciprocal Polyhedral Diagrams

Masoud Akbarzadeh

PhD Thesis ETH Zurich 2016   PDF   BibTeX

@phdthesis{akbarzadeh20163d,
title={3D Graphical Statics Using Reciprocal Polyhedral Diagrams},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud},
year={2016},
school={ETH Zurich}
}

On the Equilibrium of Funicular Polyhedral Frames and Convex Polyhedral Force Diagrams

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block

Computer-Aided Design 2015   PDF   BibTeX

@article{akbarzadeh2015equilibrium,
title={On the equilibrium of funicular polyhedral frames and convex polyhedral force diagrams},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Van Mele, Tom and Block, Philippe},
journal={Computer-Aided Design},
volume={63},
pages={118–128},
year={2015},
publisher={Elsevier}
}

3D Graphic Statics: Geometric Construction of Global Equilibrium

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block

IASS 2015   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbarzadeh20153d,
title={3D graphic statics: geometric construction of global equilibrium},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Mele, Tom Van and Block, Philippe},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2015},
number={21},
pages={1–9},
year={2015},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}

Three-Dimensional Compression Form Finding through Subdivision

Masoud Akbarzadeh, Tom Van Mele, Philippe Block

IASS 2015   PDF   BibTeX

@inproceedings{akbarzadeh2015three,
title={Three-dimensional compression form finding through subdivision},
author={Akbarzadeh, Masoud and Mele, Tom Van and Block, Philippe},
booktitle={Proceedings of IASS Annual Symposia},
volume={2015},
number={21},
pages={1–7},
year={2015},
organization={International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS)}
}